Igice cya 1: Abatanga umukandara hamwe nibigize

Iki gice kizaganira kubyo umukandara uhuza nibigize.

 

Umukandara ni iki?

Umuyoboro wumukandara ni sisitemu yagenewe gutwara cyangwa kwimura ibintu bifatika nkibikoresho, ibicuruzwa, ndetse nabantu kuva kumurongo umwe bajya mubindi.Bitandukanye nubundi buryo bwo gusobanura bivuze ko ukoresha iminyururu, izunguruka, hydraulics, nibindi, abatwara umukandara bazimura ibintu bakoresheje umukandara.Harimo uruziga rwibintu byoroshye birambuye hagati yizunguruka ikoreshwa na moteri yamashanyarazi.

Kuberako ibintu bitwarwa bitandukanye muri kamere, ibikoresho byumukandara nabyo biratandukana na sisitemu ikoreshwa. Mubisanzwe biza nka polymer cyangwa umukandara.

Ibigize umukandara

Sisitemu isanzwe itanga umukandara ifite umutwe, umurizo, umuzingo udafite akazi, umukandara, hamwe na kadamu.

 

Umutwe Pulley

Umutwe pulley nimwe uhujwe na moteri na moteri yamashanyarazi.Umutwe pulley utwara convoyeur, mubisanzwe ukora nkimbaraga zo gukurura aho gusunika.Ahanini iherereye aho convoyeur imanura imitwaro yayo, izwi nkumusozo wo gusohora umukandara.Kuberako umutwe wa pulley utwara sisitemu yose, akenshi birakenewe kongera imbaraga zayo hamwe numukandara, bityo ikagira ikoti ikaze itwikiriye hejuru yinyuma.Iyi koti yitwa legging.Hasi nuburyo pulley yose ifite ikoti yaba imeze.

Umutwe wa pulley mubusanzwe ufite diameter nini ya pulleys zose.Rimwe na rimwe, sisitemu irashobora kugira pulleys nyinshi zikora nka drive pulleys.Pulley kumpera yo gusohora ni disikiconvoyeur idlermubisanzwe hamwe na diameter nini kandi bizamenyekana nkumutwe wa pulley.

 

Garuka cyangwa umurizo

Ibi biherereye kumuzigo wanyuma wumukandara.Rimwe na rimwe, bizana ishusho yamababa yoza umukandara ureka ibikoresho bikagabanuka kuruhande rwabanyamuryango.

Mu buryo bworoshye bwo gukandagira umukanda, umurizo uzashyirwa ku buyobozi busanzwe bwerekanwe kugirango umukandara uhagarike.Mubundi buryo bwo gutanga umukandara nkuko tuzabibona, guhagarika umukandara bisigara kurundi ruziga rwitwa gufata-roller.

 

Umukoresha

Izi ni umuzingo ukoreshwa muburebure bwumukandara kugirango ushyigikire umukandara nu mutwaro, wirinde kugabanuka, guhuza umukandara, no guhanagura ibintu (ibikoresho bisigaye bifatanye n'umukandara).Ibizunguruka birashobora gukora ibintu byose byavuzwe haruguru cyangwa kimwe murimwe, ariko mumwanya uwariwo wose, bazahora bakora nkinkunga yumukandara.

Hariho ibintu byinshi bitandukanye bidafite akamaro kubikorwa bitandukanye, nkuko bigaragara hano hepfo:

 

Troughing Idlers

Gukuramo abadafite akazi bizagira ibizingo bitatu bidakora byashyizweho muburyo bukora “inkono” y'umukandara.Ziherereye kuruhande rutwara umutwaro kuri convoyeur.Umukozi udakora hagati arakosowe, hamwe na bibiri kumpera zishobora guhinduka.Nuburyo rero inguni nuburebure bwinkono irashobora gutandukana.

Aba badafite akazi, iyo bakoreshejwe, bazagabanya isuka kandi bakomeze guhora bambukiranya ibice bijyanye n'uburebure bwa convoyeur.Kugumana umwanya uhoraho uhuza ibice ni ngombwa kugirango uhamye.

 

 

Rubber Disk Idler

Uyu mudakora afite disiki ya reberi yashyizwe kumurongo intera ikurikira umurongo wa roller.Ku mpera zikabije, umuzingo wegereye cyane kuburyo ushobora gushyigikira umukandara, ukunda kurira.Disiki itandukanijwe izasenya ibintu byose byahujwe bitwara / bisigaye kandi bigabanye kubaka ibikoresho hejuru yumukandara.Ninimpamvu isanzwe yo kwibeshya (iyo umukandara uhindutse kuruhande rumwe rwa sisitemu ugatera kudahuza).

Rimwe na rimwe, disiki zirahinduka nka screw kandi uwudakora azitwa rubber screw idler roller.Imikorere izakomeza kuba imwe.Urugero rwa screw idler roller irerekanwa hepfo.

Imashini idakora irashobora kandi gukorwa muri rubber helix.Abakora ubusa bakunze kugaragara cyane aho scrapper ikuramo ibintu bitashoboka, cyane cyane kumaterefone ngendanwa.

 

Umutoza

Abakora imyitozo badahugura bakomeza umukandara ugororotse.Irwanya kurwanya amakosa.Irabigeraho na pivot yo hagati ihinduranya umugongo gusubira hagati mugihe umukandara ugenda kuruhande rumwe.Harimo kandi ibice bibiri byayobora kugirango bikore nk'umukandara.

 

 

Umukandara

Mugushiraho umukandara, umukandara birashoboka cyane.Guhangayika n'imbaraga ni ngombwa kuva umukandara ufata ibihano byinshi mugihe cyo gupakira no gutwara ibintu.

Kwiyongera gukenewe gutanga uburebure burebure byatumye ubushakashatsi bwibikoresho bishya, nubwo buri gihe biza kubiciro.Imikandara ikomeye yubahiriza cyane amategeko yangiza ibidukikije ikunda kuzana amafaranga menshi yo gushiraho, rimwe na rimwe ibiciro ntibishobora no kuba bifite ishingiro.Kurundi ruhande, niba hafashwe ingamba zubukungu, umukandara mubisanzwe birananirana, bikavamo amafaranga menshi yo gukora.Ibiciro byumukandara bigomba kuba biri munsi ya 50% yikiguzi cyose cyo gutwara umukandara.

Umukandara ugizwe nibice nka:

 

Imirambo

Kubera ko iyi ari skeleti yumukandara, igomba gutanga imbaraga zingirakamaro zikenewe kugirango umukandara hamwe no gukomera kuruhande kugirango ushyigikire umutwaro.Igomba kandi kuba ishobora gukuramo ingaruka zo gupakira.Umukandara ni umugozi rero ugomba guhuzwa;ibi bizwi nko gutera.Kuberako bumwe muburyo bwo gutemagura busaba gukoresha bolts na feri, umurambo ugomba kuba ushobora gutanga ishingiro rihagije kandi rihamye kuri ibyo bifunga.

 

Umurambo ukunze gukorwa mubyuma cyangwa imyenda.Imyenda yimyenda ikozwe muri fibre nka aramid, polyamide, na polyester.Niba ply imwe gusa ikoreshwa, umurambo wa PVC usize imyenda nayo irasanzwe.Imirambo irashobora kuba ifite ibice bitandatu byegeranye.Intumbi irashobora kandi gushiramo kurinda inkombe ikenewe cyane mumikandara ya convoyeur.

 

Igipfukisho c'abatwara (Hejuru na Hasi & Uruhande)

Nibikoresho byoroshye bikozwe muri reberi cyangwa PVC.Igifuniko gihura neza nikirere nikirere gikora.Gusuzumana ubwitonzi ibifuniko bigomba gukorwa bitewe nikoreshwa.Ibikurikira mubisanzwe bisaba kwitabwaho, kurwanya ibirimi by'umuriro, kurwanya ubushyuhe buke, kurwanya amavuta hamwe no kurwanya amavuta, anti-static, hamwe nicyiciro cyibiribwa.

Uruhande rutwara convoyeur bitewe n'umutwaro, inguni yo kugendana na convoyeur, hamwe no gukoresha rusange umukandara byose bifite ibintu byihariye.Irashobora gukonjeshwa, yoroshye, cyangwa gutoborwa.

Ibindi bikorwa nkibikoresho bisakara mumashini ya CNC bizakoresha icyuma cyumukandara kuva ibi bitazambara nkuko nibindi bikoresho bisanzwe byabikora.

Mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, imikandara ya PVC, PU, ​​na PE nayo ikoreshwa mukubungabunga ibiryo no kugabanya umwanda.

Imikandara ya plastike ni shyashya rwose, nubwo bitewe nibyiza byayo, igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro.Biroroshye koza, bifite ubushyuhe bwagutse, kandi bifite imiti irwanya ubukana.Zirwanya kandi aside, irwanya ibintu bya alkaline, namazi yumunyu.

 

Ikadiri

Ikadiri, bitewe nuburemere, uburebure bwimikorere, nintera igomba gutwikirwa bizatandukana.Barashobora kuza muburyo bworoshye bushobora guhagararirwa na cantilever.Birashobora kandi kuba truss mugihe kiremereye imitwaro minini.Gukuramo Aluminium nabyo bikoreshwa mubikorwa byoroshye kandi byoroshye.

Igishushanyo mbonera ni ikintu gikomeye cyerekana igishushanyo mbonera.Ikadiri yateguwe nabi irashobora gutera:

• Umukandara wabuze inzira
• Kunanirwa kwubaka bivamo:

• Igihe kinini cyo kumanura bisobanura gutinda kumusaruro
• Gukomeretsa no guhitanwa n’impanuka
• Amashanyarazi ahenze

• Uburyo buhenze bwo guhimba no gushiraho.

Kurwego, ibindi bikoresho nabyo birashobora gushyirwaho nkinzira nyabagendwa no kumurika nkuko bigaragara hejuru.Amatara azakenera amasuka n'abashinzwe kurinda ibikoresho.

Gutwara no gusohora chute nabyo birashobora gushirwaho.Ubumenyi bwibi byose byongeweho ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde kurenza urugero.

 

 

Igice cya 2: Ubwoko bwaUmukandara

Iki gice kizaganira ku bwoko bwimikandara.Muri byo harimo:

 

 

Umukandara Wumukandara

Ubuso munsi yumukandara kuriyi verisiyo yumukandara wa convoyeur bukozwe murukurikirane.Ibizunguruka byegeranye cyane kuburyo hatabaho kugabanuka kwumukandara.

Birakwiriye kubirebire birebire kandi bigufi.Mubihe bimwe, birashobora kuba bigufi kuburyo bakoresha imizingo ibiri kuri sisitemu yose.

Iyo ukoresheje uburemere bwo kwikorera, umutambiko wa mukandara ni umwe muburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo.Niba umwe yakoresheje intoki zipakurura, ihungabana ryangiza umuzingo byoroshye kuko mubisanzwe bifite imbere.Ibi byongeweho wongeyeho ubusanzwe buringaniye bwumuzingo bigabanya cyane guterana amagambo byoroshye gutanga.

Imikandara yo kuryamaho ikoreshwa cyane cyane aho usanga intoki, guteranya, gutwara, no kugenzura.Ingero zirimo:

• Gutwara imizigo yikibuga
• Ibikoresho byo gutondeka birimo ibiro by'iposita

 

Umuyoboro wa Flat

Umuyoboro ukenyeye ni bumwe mu bwoko bwa convoyeur.Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mugutwara ibintu mubikoresho.Gutwara imbere bisaba urukurikirane rw'imashini zikoresha / pulleys zo gukurura umukandara.

Imikandara ikoreshwa kuri convoyeur irambuye iratandukanye bitewe nimyenda, na polymers na reberi karemano.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ihinduka byinshi mubijyanye nibikoresho bigomba gutwarwa.Biroroshye kandi guhuza umurizo wumurizo usanzwe ushyirwaho kuburyo ushobora guhinduka kugirango uhuze umukandara.Mubisanzwe ni umukandara muto wihuta.

Umukandara utambitse wa porogaramu zirimo:

• Buhoro buhoro imirongo yo guterana
• Gukaraba
• Iteraniro ryumukungugu ryoroshye

 

Umukandara Wumukandara

Bitandukanye n'umuyoboro ukenye ukoresha umukandara "utagira ikizinga" wumukandara woroshye, imiyoboro ya Modular umukandara ikoresha urukurikirane rw'ibice bifatanye bifatanye bisanzwe bikozwe muri plastiki cyangwa ibyuma.Bakora cyane nkumunyururu ukora ku igare.

Ibi bibaha inyungu nini kurenza umukanda wabo woroshye.Bituma bikomera kuko birashobora gukora hejuru yubushyuhe bwinshi nurwego rwa PH.

Iyo igice cy'umukandara cyangiritse, umuntu arashobora gusimbuza byoroshye icyo gice cyonyine aho kuba umukandara woroshye aho umukandara wose ugomba gusimburwa.Imikandara isanzwe irashobora kugenda, ukoresheje moteri imwe gusa, izengurutse inguni, imirongo igororotse, ihindagurika, kandi igabanuka.Nkuko abandi batwara ibintu bashobora gukora kimwe, biza kubiciro bigoye hamwe namafaranga.Kuri porogaramu zishobora gusaba ubugari bwa "unorthodox" burenze uburebure, cyangwa ubwoko bwa convoyeur, umukandara wa modular uzagera kuri ibyo byoroshye byoroshye.

Kubera ko atari ibyuma, byoroshye koza, kandi bikurura gaze n'amazi, imiyoboro y'umukandara irashobora gukoreshwa muri:

• Gutunganya ibiryo
• Gukoresha amazi
• Kumenya ibyuma

 

Umuyoboro wumukandara

Imikandara isukuye izahora ifite bariyeri cyangwa igaragara mubishushanyo byabo.Igice gikora kugirango gitandukanye ibice bingana kumukandara.Ibi bice bigumana ibice nibikoresho bishobora gusubira inyuma cyangwa kugwa kuri convoyeur mugihe cyo kugabanuka no kugabanuka.

Ibice biza muburyo butandukanye no mubunini burimo:

 

Umurwa mukuru uhindagurika T.

Iyi cleat izaba ihagaze kuri dogere 90 kugeza kumukandara kugirango itange inkunga kandi ihindagurika kubintu byoroshye.Birakwiriye cyane gukora imirimo yoroheje no gukora ibice bito, ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse, nibicuruzwa byibiribwa.

 

Imbere- Kwishingikiriza Umurwa mukuru L.

Kubera icyerekezo cyayo, irashobora kurwanya byoroshye imbaraga zingirakamaro.Irashobora gukoreshwa muguhunika granules no kuyifata irwanya uburemere.Irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ifate urumuri ruri hagati yuburemere.

Inverted V Cleats

Utwo dusimba turi munsi ya 5cm z'uburebure kugirango tugire ingaruka nkizo inkono ifite.Birashobora gukoreshwa mugutwara ibintu biremereye cyangwa binini cyane kubera ibintu bigufi ugereranije, bishobora kwihanganira ingaruka nyinshi.

Amacupa

Ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa mugufasha gutemba kwamazi nyuma yo koza ibintu nkimboga n'imbuto.Amavuta hamwe nuduti nuburyo buhendutse bwo gutanga ibintu nibintu bidakeneye gushyigikirwa muburebure bwumukandara nkamakarito manini cyangwa inkoni.Birashobora kandi gukoreshwa muguhitamo kwimura ibicuruzwa birenze ubunini bwifuzwa ndetse no gufata ibicuruzwa bimwe mumwanya.

Ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha umukandara utanduye harimo:

• Escalator ni uguhindura imikandara ikozwe muburyo bwo gutwara ibikoresho bidakabije hejuru yumurongo uhanamye.

 

Umuyoboro uhetamye

Iyi convoyeur ikoresha ikadiri yahimbwe kandi yamaze kugororwa kugirango itware ibintu hirya no hino.Ikoreshwa aho umwanya ari muto kandi convoyeur zizunguruka zabika umwanya.Imirongo irashobora kugenda nka dogere 180.

Moderi ya plastike ifite ibice bifatanye irakoreshwa ariko gusa iyo convoyeur ifite igororotse igororotse mbere yuko igoramye.Imikandara yoroheje izakoreshwa niba umukandara ugoramye gusa.

 

Hindura / Kugabanya Umukandara

Imiyoboro ihanamye isaba imbaraga zikomeye, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe no gukwega hejuru yumukandara kugirango ibintu bitagwa kumuyoboro.Kubwibyo, bazashyiramo moteri ya gare, moteri yo hagati, hamwe no gufata.Umukandara ugomba kandi kugira ubuso butagaragara kugirango wemererwe gukurura.

Nka convoyeur itomoye, ibi nabyo bitwara ibintu hejuru ya gradient itareka ibintu bigwa.Birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imbaraga za rukuruzi.

 

Isuku yo gukaraba

Mu nganda zimiti n’ibiribwa, kuboneza urubyaro no gukaraba bikabije bigomba kubaho, hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’ubuzima n’umutekano.Gukaraba no gutwara isuku byashizweho kugirango bikore inzira yisuku yiyo kamere.Imikandara ikoreshwa hano mubisanzwe ni imikandara iringaniye.

Isuku yo gukaraba umukanda ikoreshwa mubintu biva mubushyuhe bukabije nka firigo hamwe nitanura.Rimwe na rimwe, bagomba gukora mu mavuta ashyushye cyangwa glaze.Bitewe nuburyo bashobora gufata neza ibidukikije byamavuta, rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa mugukuramo ingoma zamavuta hamwe nibisanduku biva mumato.

 

Abashinzwe ibibazo

Umuyoboro wumukandara ntabwo ari ubwoko bwumukandara kuko inkono irashobora kwinjizwa muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.

Ikoresha umukandara ukora ishusho itoroshye kubera kuzunguruka idakora munsi yacyo.

Ibizunguruka bidafite akazi bifite uruziga rwagati rufite umurongo utambitse wo kuzunguruka, naho ibizunguruka bibiri byo hanze (ibizunguruka by'amababa) bifite umurongo uzamurwa ku nguni ugana kuri horizontal.Inguni isanzwe igera kuri dogere 25.Gukubita bibaho gusa hejuru yo kudakora hejuru kandi ntabwo rwose biri hepfo.

Inguni ndende zo gutobora zizatera kwangirika burundu kumukandara.Niba umukandara uhambiriye ku mpande zihanamye, izagumana imiterere yikombe cyayo kandi bizagorana kuyisukura, bigoye kuyikurikirana kimwe no kumena umurambo wumukandara.Irashobora kandi kugabanya ingano yubuso bwoguhuza hamwe nudukingirizo tudakora, amaherezo bikagabanya imikorere ya sisitemu yohereza umukandara.

Imikandara y'imigozi isanzwe ikorera mu ndege imwe, iba itambitse cyangwa ihanamye, ariko ihindagurika igera kuri dogere 25 gusa.Umukandara ugomba kuba ufite radiyo nini bihagije kuburyo ishobora gukomeza gukoraho imizingo yose idakora.Imfuruka ikarishye isobanura ko umukandara utazakora kuri roller yo hagati, bityo bigatesha agaciro uburinganire bwimiterere yumukandara kimwe nubushobozi bwa sisitemu ya convoyeur muri rusange.